GS2 🤝 International Relations

Panchamrit

/ˈpʌn.tʃɑːm.rɪt/

The five climate action pledges announced by PM Modi at COP26 Glasgow in November 2021, comprising: (1) 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, (2) 50% energy from renewables by 2030, (3) reduce total projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030, (4) reduce carbon intensity of GDP by 45% over 2005 levels by 2030, and (5) achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.

Context & Background

"Panchamrit" means "five nectars" in Sanskrit — derived from the five sacred ingredients (milk, curd, ghee, honey, sugar) offered in Hindu rituals; these pledges were formally incorporated into India's updated NDC in August 2022.

UPSC Exam Relevance

GS2 (International Relations) and GS3 (Environment). Prelims: all five targets are frequently tested — memorise the specific numbers (500 GW, 50%, 1 billion tonnes, 45%, 2070). Mains: evaluate whether India's Panchamrit pledges are achievable and sufficient; compare India's net-zero target (2070) with other major emitters.