BharatNotes Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)
A national-level digital repository that stores academic credits of students from across higher education institutions, enabling multiple-entry/exit from degree programmes and transfer of credits between institutions.
Context & Background
Operationalised under NEP 2020; each student gets an ABC ID via DigiLocker; launched 2021; over 57 million ABC IDs created as of 2025; mandatory for UG enrolment in universities implementing NEP from 2024-25.
UPSC Exam Relevance
Key NEP 2020 reform for flexible higher education; allows students to exit with a certificate (1 year), diploma (2 years), or degree (3–4 years) and re-enter; 57 million IDs but only ~5.9 million credit-linked accounts — adoption gap; integration with PARAKH and SWAYAM.
