Saponification

noun
/səˌpɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The hydrolysis of a fat or oil with a metallic alkali (such as NaOH or KOH) to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap).

✍️ Usage in a UPSC answer

Just as saponification transforms crude fats into a useful cleansing agent through the action of a single catalytic alkali, well-designed institutional reform can convert latent administrative inefficiencies into instruments of public welfare, provided the reagent of political will is applied consistently.

Synonyms

soap-makingalkaline hydrolysisester hydrolysisbasic hydrolysissoap formation

Antonyms

esterificationcondensationpolymerisation

🌱 Word Family

saponify (v), saponified (adj), saponifiable (adj), saponifier (n)

🔡 Root

Modern Latin saponificāre = to make soap; sapon- = soap (Latin sapo); -ficāre = to make (from Latin facere); -ation = process

📜 Etymology

From French saponification, from Modern Latin saponificāre, combining sapon (soap) + -ficāre (to make, from Latin facere); first recorded in English in 1801.

🧠 Memory Hook

Latin "sapo" = soap (think of "soap" hidden in SAPOnification); the reaction literally makes soap from fat.

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