Semiconductor

noun
/ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktər/
A material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator, and which increases with temperature and the addition of impurities (doping).

✍️ Usage in a UPSC answer

As critical supply chains are weaponised in an era of strategic rivalry, India's push for semiconductor self-reliance under the India Semiconductor Mission is less an industrial policy than a question of technological sovereignty and national security.

Synonyms

semiconducting materialchipmicrochipintegrated circuitsilicontransistor material

Antonyms

conductorinsulatordielectric

🌱 Word Family

semiconducting (adj), semiconductivity (n), semiconductor (n), semi-conductor (n alt.)

🔡 Root

Latin sēmi- = half; condūcere = to lead together (con- = together + dūcere = to lead); -or = agent suffix

📜 Etymology

From semi- (half, from Latin sēmi-) + conductor (from Latin condūcere, to lead together); earliest known use in the 1830s.

🧠 Memory Hook

SEMI ("half") + CONDUCTOR: it is only "half a conductor" - it conducts electricity partly, sitting on the fence between a metal wire (conductor) and rubber (insulator).

📝 Seen in UPSC Question Papers

Real UPSC previous-year questions whose text uses “Semiconductor” — proof this word earns its place on your list.

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