Schedules of the Indian Constitution — UPSC Static GK

Original vs Current: The Constitution had 8 Schedules at commencement (1950). Four more were added by amendments — 9th (1951), 10th (1985), 11th (1992), 12th (1992). The Constitution now has 12 Schedules. UPSC frequently tests which schedule was added by which amendment.

📋 Quick Overview — All 12 Schedules

Schedule	Subject	Related Articles	Key Number / Fact	Added By / Note
1st	Names of States and Union Territories; territories of each	Art. 1, 4	28 States + 8 UTs (as of 2026)	Original; amended every time a new state/UT is created or boundaries change
2nd	Salaries, allowances and emoluments of constitutional authorities	Art. 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221	Covers President, Governors, Speaker/Deputy Speaker of LS & State Assemblies, SC & HC Judges, CAG — NOT Vice-President	Original; structured as Parts A, C, D, E (Part B omitted by 7th Amendment, 1956)
3rd	Forms of Oaths and Affirmations	Art. 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188, 219	Forms of oaths/affirmations for Union Ministers (75(4)), MPs (99), SC Judges & CAG (124(6), 148(2)), State Ministers (164(3)), MLAs/MLCs (188), HC Judges (219) — NOT President's oath (that is in Art. 60)	Original
4th	Allocation of seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)	Art. 4, 80	Maximum 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated); current strength 245	Original; updated when new states are created
5th	Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than NE states	Art. 244(1)	Applies to 10 states: Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana. NOT applicable to Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura (those are covered by Schedule 6)	Original
6th	Administration of Tribal Areas in North-Eastern states — Autonomous District Councils (ADCs)	Art. 244(2), 275(1)	Applies to 4 NE states: Assam (3 ADCs), Meghalaya (3 ADCs), Tripura (1 ADC), Mizoram (3 ADCs) — 10 ADCs total	Original; Nagaland and Manipur are NOT covered (they have separate arrangements)
7th	Three Lists: Union, State, Concurrent (division of legislative powers)	Art. 246	Union List: 100 subjects · State List: 61 subjects · Concurrent List: 52 subjects	Original; 7th Amendment 1956 re-organised states and modified list entries
8th	Languages officially recognised by the Constitution	Art. 344(1), 351	22 languages (added in stages: 14 originally → 15 by 1967 → 18 by 1992 → 22 by 2003)	Original with 14; grew to 22 by 92nd Amendment, 2003 (added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali)
9th	Laws (statutes) saved from judicial review on property/land reform grounds	Art. 31B	284 Acts/Regulations currently listed; post-24 April 1973 inclusions are judicially reviewable (IR Coelho v State of Tamil Nadu, 2007)	Added by 1st Constitutional Amendment, 1951 — originally to protect land reform laws from FR challenges
10th	Anti-Defection Law — disqualification of MPs and MLAs for defection	Art. 102(2), 191(2)	Para 7 (oust jurisdiction of courts) struck down in Kihoto Hollohan v Zachillhu, 1992; merger rule: at least 2/3 of members of original legislature party must agree to merge	Added by 52nd Constitutional Amendment, 1985
11th	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats (Panchayati Raj)	Art. 243G	29 functional items that may be devolved to Panchayats	Added by 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992; came into force 24 April 1993
12th	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities (Urban Local Bodies)	Art. 243W	18 functional items that may be devolved to Municipalities	Added by 74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992; came into force 1 June 1993

📌 Schedules 1–4: State Structure & Institutional Salaries

Schedule 1 — States and Union Territories

Current count: 28 States + 8 Union Territories (after J&K bifurcation on 31 October 2019 — J&K became a UT with legislature; Ladakh became a UT without legislature). Telangana was added as the 29th state in 2014, then J&K lost state status in 2019, bringing the count back to 28 states.

Schedule 2 — Emoluments (Parts A, C, D, E)

Part	Covers	Key Exam Trap
Part A	President of India & Governors of States	President's salary: ₹5 lakh/month; Governor's salary: ₹3.5 lakh/month (post-2018 revision)
Part B	Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 — originally covered Ministers' allowances	Frequent MCQ trap: Schedule 2 currently has Parts A, C, D, E — there is no Part B
Part C	Speaker & Deputy Speaker of the House of the People; Chairman & Deputy Chairman of the Council of States; Speakers & Deputy Speakers of State Legislative Assemblies; Chairmen & Deputy Chairmen of State Legislative Councils	The Vice-President draws his salary ex-officio as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha under Part C — there is no separate salary entry for the office of Vice-President in Schedule 2
Part D	Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts	SC Chief Justice: ₹2.8 lakh/month; other SC Judges: ₹2.5 lakh/month (post-2018 revision via High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 2018)
Part E	Comptroller & Auditor General of India	CAG is the only individual (non-judge) authority in Schedule 2 other than President and Governors

Schedule 3 — Oaths and Affirmations

Form	For Whom
I	Union Ministers — oath of office
II	Union Ministers — oath of secrecy
III-A	Candidates for election to Parliament
III-B	Members of Parliament (oath on taking seat)
IV	Judges of the Supreme Court and the Comptroller & Auditor General
V	State Ministers — oath of office
VI	State Ministers — oath of secrecy
VII-A	Candidates for election to State Legislatures
VII-B	Members of State Legislatures (oath on taking seat)
VIII	Judges of High Courts

Key traps: The President's oath is prescribed by Article 60 of the Constitution itself — it is NOT in Schedule 3. The Vice-President's oath is in Article 69. The Governor's oath is in Article 159. Schedule 3 covers Union and State Ministers (office + secrecy), candidates and members of Parliament and State Legislatures, and SC/HC judges — not the President, VP, or Governor. Note that SC Judges and the CAG share Form IV.

Schedule 4 — Rajya Sabha Seat Allocation

Maximum strength of Rajya Sabha: 250 (238 elected by State Legislatures/UTs + 12 nominated by President for arts, literature, science, social service). Current strength: 245. After J&K bifurcation, J&K UT gets 4 seats; Ladakh has 0 RS seats (no legislature). Uttar Pradesh has the most RS seats: 31.

🌿 Schedules 5 & 6: Tribal Governance

Feature	Schedule 5	Schedule 6
Coverage	Scheduled Areas in mainland India (10 states)	Tribal Areas in 4 NE states
Article	Art. 244(1)	Art. 244(2) & 275(1)
Governance Body	Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) in each state; Governor has special powers to modify/suspend Central laws	Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) — legislative, executive & judicial powers
States Covered	AP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, HP, Jharkhand, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana	Assam (3 ADCs), Meghalaya (3 ADCs), Tripura (1 ADC), Mizoram (3 ADCs)
NOT Covered	Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura (use Sch. 6); also Nagaland, Manipur (separate arrangements)	Nagaland, Manipur (covered by separate statutes/arrangements, not Sch. 6)
PESA Act	Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 extends Panchayati Raj to Schedule 5 areas with tribal customary protections	PESA does not apply to Sch. 6 areas

⚖️ Schedule 7 — Three Legislative Lists

List	Entries (Current)	Legislates	Conflict Rule
Union List	100 subjects (originally 97; 101st Amendment 2016 added GST-related entries)	Only Parliament	Union prevails over State (Art. 246)
State List	61 subjects (originally 66; several entries deleted/transferred over amendments)	Only State Legislature (under normal circumstances)	Parliament can legislate on State List under Art. 249 (RS resolution), 250 (Emergency), 252 (2 or more states request), 253 (international treaty)
Concurrent List	52 subjects (originally 47; 42nd Amendment moved 5 subjects from State to Concurrent)	Both Parliament and State Legislatures	In case of repugnancy: Central law prevails (Art. 254). Exception: State law with Presidential assent prevails in that State (Art. 254(2))

Key entries to remember: Defence, Foreign affairs, Atomic energy → Union List. Public order, Police, Land → State List. Education (moved from State to Concurrent by 42nd Amendment, 1976), Forests, Weights & Measures, Criminal law → Concurrent List. Residuary powers (subjects not in any list) → Parliament (Art. 248).

🗣️ Schedule 8 — 22 Official Languages

Language	Script	Language	Script
1. Assamese	Assamese (Eastern Nagari)	2. Bengali	Bengali
3. Bodo	Devanagari	4. Dogri	Devanagari
5. Gujarati	Gujarati	6. Hindi	Devanagari
7. Kannada	Kannada	8. Kashmiri	Perso-Arabic (Nastaliq)
9. Konkani	Devanagari	10. Maithili	Devanagari/Mithilakshar
11. Malayalam	Malayalam	12. Manipuri (Meitei)	Meitei Mayek / Bengali
13. Marathi	Devanagari	14. Nepali	Devanagari
15. Odia	Odia	16. Punjabi	Gurmukhi
17. Sanskrit	Devanagari	18. Santali	Ol Chiki
19. Sindhi	Devanagari/Perso-Arabic	20. Tamil	Tamil
21. Telugu	Telugu	22. Urdu	Perso-Arabic (Nastaliq)

4 languages added by 92nd Amendment, 2003 (in bold above): Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali. Before 2003, there were 18 languages. The earlier additions were: Sindhi (21st Amendment, 1967), Konkani + Manipuri + Nepali (71st Amendment, 1992). Santali uses Ol Chiki script — the only Schedule 8 language with a script invented in the modern era (1925, by Pandit Raghunath Murmu). English is NOT in Schedule 8.

🔒 Schedules 9 & 10: Judicial Review & Anti-Defection

Schedule 9 — Laws Protected from Judicial Review

Aspect	Detail
Purpose	Added by 1st Amendment (1951) to protect land reform and zamindari abolition laws from being struck down for violating Fundamental Rights (especially Art. 19(1)(f) — right to property, since removed by 44th Amendment)
Number of Acts	284 Acts/Regulations currently listed (grew from 13 in 1951 to 284)
IR Coelho Case, 2007	Supreme Court (9-judge Constitution Bench) held: Acts placed in Schedule 9 before 24 April 1973 (Kesavananda Bharati judgment date) cannot be reviewed; Acts added after 24 April 1973 CAN be reviewed if they damage or destroy the basic structure of the Constitution. This is the most important Schedule 9 case.
Art. 31B	Enabling article — acts specified in Schedule 9 shall not be deemed void on grounds of contravening Part III (Fundamental Rights)

Schedule 10 — Anti-Defection Law

Aspect	Detail
Added By	52nd Constitutional Amendment, 1985 (Rajiv Gandhi government)
Applies To	Members of Parliament (Art. 102(2)) and Members of State Legislatures (Art. 191(2))
Grounds for Disqualification	(1) Voluntarily giving up membership of the political party on whose ticket elected. (2) Voting or abstaining from voting contrary to the directions of the party without prior permission.
Merger Exception	No disqualification if at least 2/3 of the members of the legislature party agree to merge with another party. The original "1/3 split" provision was deleted by the 91st Amendment, 2003.
Decision-Making Authority	Speaker/Chairman of the House concerned (Para 6). Decision is final but judicially reviewable (after Kihoto Hollohan, 1992)
Kihoto Hollohan v Zachillhu, 1992	SC upheld the validity of the Tenth Schedule but struck down Para 7 (which tried to oust courts' jurisdiction) as unconstitutional — it required ratification by states as it curtailed judicial review, and had not been so ratified. Speaker's decision remains subject to judicial review on grounds of mala fide, perversity, etc.
Elected vs Nominated Members	Nominated members: if they join a political party within 6 months of being nominated, they are disqualified. After 6 months, they cannot join any party.

🏘️ Schedules 11 & 12: Local Self-Government Functions

Feature	Schedule 11 (Panchayats)	Schedule 12 (Municipalities)
Added By	73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992	74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992
Came Into Force	24 April 1993	1 June 1993
Related Article	Art. 243G	Art. 243W
Number of Functions	29 functional items	18 functional items
Nature of Devolution	Discretionary — "may" be devolved by State Legislature (Art. 243G uses "may"). States are NOT compelled to transfer all 29 functions. This is why Panchayats remain weak in many states.	Discretionary — similarly "may" be devolved (Art. 243W). Municipalities may or may not have all 18 functions depending on the state.
Key Functions	Agriculture, land improvement, animal husbandry, fisheries, social forestry, primary health, primary education, drinking water, poverty alleviation, public distribution	Urban planning, land use, roads, water supply, public health, slum improvement, urban poverty alleviation, urban forestry, cultural & educational facilities, burial grounds

29 functions of Panchayats (Schedule 11) — for exam recall: Agriculture & land improvement (1) · Minor irrigation & water management (2) · Animal husbandry, dairying & poultry (3) · Fisheries (4) · Social forestry & farm forestry (5) · Minor forest produce (6) · Small-scale industries (7) · Khadi, village & cottage industries (8) · Rural housing (9) · Drinking water (10) · Fuel & fodder (11) · Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways (12) · Rural electrification (13) · Non-conventional energy sources (14) · Poverty alleviation programme (15) · Education (primary & secondary) (16) · Technical training & vocational education (17) · Adult & non-formal education (18) · Libraries (19) · Cultural activities (20) · Markets & fairs (21) · Health & sanitation (22) · Family welfare (23) · Women & child development (24) · Social welfare (25) · Welfare of SC/ST/OBCs (26) · Public distribution system (27) · Maintenance of community assets (28) · (Note: some lists enumerate 29 by splitting one category — the exact split varies by source)

⚠️ High-Frequency Exam Traps & MCQ Points

Trap / MCQ Point	Correct Answer
How many schedules did the original Constitution (1950) have?	8 Schedules (9th added 1951, 10th added 1985, 11th and 12th added 1993)
Does Schedule 2 contain a separate salary entry for the Vice-President of India?	No — there is no distinct entry for the office of Vice-President. The VP draws salary ex-officio as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha under Part C. (Pension and other emoluments of an ex-VP are governed by the Vice-President's Pension Act, 1997.)
President's oath is in Schedule 3?	No — President's oath is in Article 60; VP's oath in Art. 69; only ministers, MPs, MLAs, SC/HC judges are in Schedule 3
Laws in Schedule 9 are completely immune from judicial review?	No — after IR Coelho (2007), Acts added post-24 April 1973 are reviewable for basic structure violations
Para 7 of Schedule 10 bars judicial review of Speaker's decision?	Struck down in Kihoto Hollohan (1992) — judicial review remains available
Nagaland and Manipur tribal areas are under Schedule 6?	No — Nagaland has Art. 371A protection; Manipur has separate arrangements. Schedule 6 covers only Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
State List originally had how many subjects?	66 originally; now 61 (42nd Amendment shifted Education, Forests, Weights & Measures, Administration of Justice, Protection of Wild Animals from State to Concurrent)
Schedule 11 devolution of 29 functions to Panchayats is mandatory?	No — Art. 243G uses "may", making devolution discretionary. States decide how many functions to transfer.
Santali is written in Devanagari script?	No — Santali uses Ol Chiki script. Only Santali among Schedule 8 languages uses this script.
Anti-defection: a legislator needs what fraction to merge without disqualification?	2/3 of the legislature party must agree. The 1/3 split exception was removed by 91st Amendment, 2003.
Schedule 5 applies to all tribal areas including NE India?	No — Schedule 5 explicitly excludes the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura (Art. 244(1)). Those 4 states are covered by Schedule 6.
How many ADCs are there under Schedule 6?	10 ADCs total: Assam (3), Meghalaya (3), Tripura (1), Mizoram (3)

📅 Amendments That Added/Modified Schedules

Amendment	Year	Schedule Impact
1st Amendment	1951	Added Schedule 9 (land reform laws protected from FR challenges)
7th Amendment	1956	Reorganised states — extensive changes to Schedules 1 & 4
21st Amendment	1967	Added Sindhi to Schedule 8 (15th language at the time)
42nd Amendment	1976	Moved Education, Forests, Weights & Measures, etc. from State List to Concurrent List (Schedule 7); also added 5 new subjects to Schedule 7
52nd Amendment	1985	Added Schedule 10 (Anti-Defection Law)
71st Amendment	1992	Added Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali to Schedule 8 (18 languages)
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Schedule 11 (Panchayats — 29 functions); came into force 24 April 1993
74th Amendment	1992	Added Schedule 12 (Municipalities — 18 functions); came into force 1 June 1993
91st Amendment	2003	Removed 1/3-split exception from Schedule 10 (Anti-Defection) — only 2/3 merger now permitted
92nd Amendment	2003	Added 4 languages to Schedule 8: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santali (total: 22)
100th Amendment	2015	Modified Schedule 1 — exchange of certain territories with Bangladesh (Land Boundary Agreement)