Underwriting

noun (also the present participle / gerund of the verb "underwrite")
/ˈʌn.dəˌɹaɪ.tɪŋ/
The process by which a financial institution (bank, insurer, or investment house) assesses and assumes the risk of guaranteeing the sale of a securities issue or the coverage of an insurance policy, in exchange for a fee or premium.

✍️ Usage in a UPSC answer

By underwriting crop-insurance premiums for marginal farmers, the state effectively socialises agrarian risk, shielding the rural economy from the volatility of an increasingly erratic monsoon.

Synonyms

insuringguaranteeingbackingindemnifyingfinancingsponsoring

Antonyms

disclaimingrepudiatingdivestingwithdrawing

🌱 Word Family

underwrite (v), underwriter (n), underwritten (adj), underwrote (v past), underwritable (adj)

🔡 Root

Old English underwrītan = to write under, subscribe; loan-translation of Latin subscribere

📜 Etymology

From Old English underwrītan ("to write under, subscribe"), a loan-translation of Latin subscribere; the insurance sense (1620s) derives from the practice of signing one's name under risk details on a Lloyd's of London slip.

🧠 Memory Hook

Think "write UNDER your name to take on the risk" — at Lloyd's, backers signed UNDER the risk on the slip, so they were UNDERWRITING it.

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