BharatNotes Overview
Biology is the highest-yield science subject in UPSC Prelims — questions on human body systems, diseases, genetics, ecology, and biodiversity appear every year. This section covers the key biological concepts tested in the exam.
Chapters
| # | Chapter | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Human Body Systems | Circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, skeletal, immune, reproductive systems |
| 2 | Health, Nutrition & Disease | Communicable diseases (TB/NTEP/Nikshay Poshan, malaria, kala-azar, filariasis/NPELF), NCDs (diabetes 101M, hypertension 188M, cancer 14L/yr), NFHS-5 (TFR 2.0, anaemia 57%), government health schemes, AMR (ESKAPE, NAP-AMR), Mental Healthcare Act 2017 (Tele-MANAS), One Health (ICMR-DBT-ICAR 2021), epidemics |
| 3 | Genetics, Heredity & Evolution | DNA, RNA, Mendel's laws, mutations, genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, Darwin, natural selection, human evolution |
| 4 | Ecology & Environment Basics | Ecosystems, food chains, ecological pyramids, biogeochemical cycles, biomes, biodiversity, conservation |
| 5 | Microorganisms, Immunology & Vaccines | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, immune system, antibodies, vaccines, AMR, India's immunisation programme |
| 6 | Plant Biology & Agriculture Science | Plant physiology, photosynthesis, plant hormones, crop science, Green Revolution, GM crops, organic farming, soil health |
| 7 | Human Diseases & Epidemics | Bacterial, viral, protozoan diseases, NCDs, vaccines, disease eradication, pandemics, India's public health response |
| 8 | Animal Kingdom & Zoology | Classification, phyla, animal behaviour, conservation, endangered species, wildlife biology |
| 9 | Reproductive Health & Endocrine System | Hormones, endocrine glands, family planning, population policy, reproductive health programmes |
| 10 | Cell Biology & Cell Division | Cell organelles, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic, mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cancer biology, stem cells |
