BharatNotes New Public Management (NPM)
A governance approach (1980s–2000s) that applies private-sector management techniques — performance measurement, competition, outsourcing, and customer orientation — to public administration.
Context & Background
Associated with Thatcher (UK) and Reagan (USA) era reforms; influenced India's 2nd ARC recommendations on performance management and citizen-centric governance.
UPSC Exam Relevance
Key term for GS2 governance questions; compare with traditional Weberian model; NPM criticism — treats citizens as consumers, not rights-holders.
