Calligraphy

noun (uncountable)
/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/
The art of beautiful, decorative handwriting, practised extensively in Indo-Islamic culture for Quranic inscriptions, royal decrees, and architectural ornamentation on monuments such as the Taj Mahal.

✍️ Usage in a UPSC answer

Just as the painstaking calligraphy of the Mughal ateliers fused aesthetic refinement with administrative record-keeping, a modern state must recognise that the form in which governance is communicated to citizens shapes the legitimacy of its substance.

Synonyms

penmanshipletteringhandwritingchirographyhand

Antonyms

scrawlscribblecacographyillegibility

🌱 Word Family

calligraphy (n), calligrapher (n), calligraphic (adj), calligraphically (adv), calligraphist (n)

🔡 Root

Greek kalligraphia (καλλιγραφία) = beautiful writing; kallos = beauty; graphein = to write; first English use c. 1610

📜 Etymology

From French calligraphie, from Ancient Greek kalligraphia (καλλιγραφία, "beautiful writing"), combining kallos (κάλλος, "beauty") and graphein (γράφειν, "to write"); first recorded in English c. 1610.

🧠 Memory Hook

Greek kalli- "beautiful" (as in callisthenics, beauty-strength) + -graphy "writing": calligraphy = beautiful writing.

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