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Prelims — Topic Notes Read

Track which BharatNotes articles you've read. These map to Prelims GS Paper 1 syllabus areas.

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History & Culture

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Ancient India Medieval India Modern India Freedom Struggle Post-Independence World History Indian Culture

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Polity & Governance

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Preamble Fundamental Rights DPSPs Federalism Parliament Union Executive State Government Judiciary Local Government Constitutional Bodies

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Geography

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Physical Geography World Geography Climate & Monsoon Human Geography Resources

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Indian Economy

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Overview Agriculture Banking & RBI GST & Taxation External Sector Infrastructure Poverty & Jobs

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Indian Society

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Society & Diversity Social Issues Globalisation Welfare Schemes Governance & Transparency

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International Relations

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Foreign Policy India & Neighbours Intl Organisations

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Environment & Ecology

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Biodiversity Climate & Pollution Environmental Laws

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Science & Technology

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Space Tech Biotech IT & Cyber Fundamentals Defence Tech Health & Nutrition

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Internal Security

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Overview LWE Cyber Security Border Mgmt

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Disaster Management

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Overview Preparedness Risk Reduction

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Ethics & Integrity

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Ethics Overview Attitude & Aptitude Case Studies & Thinkers

Mains — UPSC Syllabus Topics

Official UPSC Mains GS syllabus broken down by paper. Check off topics as you cover them.

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GS Paper 1

Indian Heritage & Culture, History, Geography, Society

Indian Culture

Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times

Modern Indian History

Modern Indian history from about the mid-18th century — significant events, personalities, issues The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country

World History

History of the world — events from 18th century: industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization Political philosophies — communism, capitalism, socialism and their forms, effect on society

Indian Society

Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization — their problems and their remedies Effects of globalization on Indian society Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism

Geography

Salient features of world's physical geography Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent) Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries Important Geophysical phenomena — earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity, cyclone

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GS Paper 2

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, IR

Indian Constitution & Polity

Indian Constitution — historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure Separation of powers between various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions Parliament and State legislatures — structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies Statutory, regulatory and quasi-judicial bodies

Governance & Social Justice

Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation Development processes and the development industry — role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population — mechanisms, laws, institutions, bodies Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources Issues relating to poverty and hunger Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability — e-governance, citizens charters, transparency & accountability Role of civil services in a democracy

International Relations

India and its neighbourhood — relations Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests Important International institutions, agencies and fora — their structure, mandate

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GS Paper 3

Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Security, Disaster Management

Indian Economy

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment Inclusive growth and issues arising from it Government Budgeting Major crops — cropping patterns in various parts of the country, irrigation, agricultural produce storage, transport and marketing Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices Food processing and related industries — scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management Land reforms in India Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc. Investment models

Science & Technology

Science and Technology — developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology Issues relating to intellectual property rights

Environment & Biodiversity

Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment Biodiversity and its conservation — hotspots, threats, Red Data Book, IUCN Climate change — international agreements, India's commitments, NAPCC

Disaster Management

Disaster and disaster management — types, vulnerability, resilience National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), SDMA — framework, guidelines Disaster preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation Relevant laws, institutions and bodies for disaster management

Internal Security

Linkages between development and spread of extremism Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites Basics of cyber security Money-laundering and its prevention Security challenges and their management in border areas Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate

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GS Paper 4

Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude

Ethics & Human Interface

Ethics and Human Interface — essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions Dimensions of ethics — ethics in private and public relationships Human Values — lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values Attitude — content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service — integrity, impartiality, non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance, compassion towards the weaker sections

Public Administration Ethics

Emotional intelligence — concepts, their utilities and application in administration and governance Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration — status and problems Ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions Laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance Accountability and ethical governance — strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance Ethical issues in international relations and funding Corporate governance Probity in Governance — concept of public service, philosophical basis of governance and probity Information sharing and transparency in government, RTI, codes of ethics, codes of conduct, citizen's charters, work culture, quality of service delivery, utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption Case Studies on above issues